Fetalna ehokardiografija je ultrazvučni pregled koji ima za cilj rano otkrivanje urođenih srčanih bolesti ploda. Važnost ovog pregleda dokazuje činjenica da se u najčešće kongenitalne anomalije ploda ubrajaju anomalije srca i velikih krvnih sudova.
Osim toga što su najčešće, one se i najteže otkrivaju, jer krvotok ploda, dok je u materici, je u potpunosti oslonjen na snabdijevanje kiseonikom od majke, tako da njegova cirkulacija koja ide kroz pluća ne funkcioniše u potpunosti do samog rođenja i prvog udisaja, tek nakon toga dolazi do potpunog otvaranja određenih krvnih sudova i pregrada na srcu, kao i zatvaranja onih koji više nisu potrebni. Sve ovo dovodi do toga da neke srčane mane koje su vrlo ozbiljne po sam život ploda, u samoj trudnoći budu prikrivene, tako da ne narušavaju sam izgled srca, te se vrlo teško otkrivaju bez adekvatnog funkcionalnog ispitivanja stanja srčane cirkulacije.
Dok rutinski ultrazvuk u trudnoći otkriva oko 1/3 anomalija fetalnog srca, ciljanim ultrazvukom fetalnog srca stručan ginekolog može otkriti gotovo sve prirođene abnormalnosti srca. Brojne poremećaje ritma fetalnog srca moguće je liječiti prije rođenja djeteta a neke prirođene greške srca moguće je intervencijskim zahvatom liječiti prije rođenja djeteta. Fetalna ehokardiografija se radi između 18-24. nedjelje trudnoće te pruža vrlo detaljnu procjenu rada bebinog srca (pregledaju se sve srčane strukture, pretkomore, komore, velike krvne sudove srca a također i pregrade unutar srca, položaj srca unutar grudnog koša i njegova veličina.
Svaka trudnica treba da u okviru organ screeninga ima dio pregleda koji je namijenjen za fetalnu ehokardiografiju (tu mogućnost imate u Plavoj Poliklinici) a pored toga treba istaći da stručan ljekar tek onda kada posumnja na srčanu manu, daje preporuku za pregled kod dječijeg kardiologa, koji će izvršiti ekspertizu o prognozi same bolesti.
Fetalna ehokardiografija se preporučuje trudnicama kojima je na ultrazvučnom pregledu otkriven abnormalni fetalni ritam srca ili neka druga srčana mana. Pored toga,ovaj pregled je indikovan da se uradi kod pacijentkinja koje imaju u porodici slučajeve rađanja djece sa urođenim srčanim manama, također ukoliko postoje pridružene bolesti kao što su diabetes, oboljenja štitne žlijezde, epilepsija, povišen pritisak prije trudnoće, kao i srčana oboljenja same majke. Pravovremeno informisanje i priprema roditelja od strane stručnog ginekologa vrlo su važni za uspjeh liječenja djeteta s bolešću srca.
S obzirom na težinu i zahtjevnost ove vrste pregleda, osim dobrog ultrazvučnog aparata, potrebna je i adekvatna edukacija ljekara koji obavlja ovaj pregled. Certifikate za obavljanje ove vrste pregleda izdaje trenutno, u svetu najpriznatija organizacija za perinatalnu medicinu – Fetal medical fondation FMF. U Plavoj bolnici Centar slijedimo najsavremenija dostignuća iz oblasti ginekologije i akušerstva i prva smo zdravstvena ustanova u BiH sa FMF London licenciranim ginekolozima za organ screening tako da Vam je zagarantovan profesionalan i stručan pristup.
Vrijednost fetalne ehokardiografije, posebno rane, u savremenom nadzoru trudnoće ne leži samo u ranom otkrivanju fetusa s prirođenom srčanom greškom, već i u indirektnoj mogućnosti odabira što ranije adekvatne terapije, vođenju trudnoće i porođaja.
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